Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a group of essential fatty acids that play a crucial role in human and animal health. They are called “polyunsaturated” because their chemical structure contains multiple double bonds, which influence how they function in biological systems.
Among the most well-known PUFAs are omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. These compounds are considered essential nutrients because the human body cannot produce them in sufficient quantities. As a result, they must be obtained through diet, either from food sources or nutritional supplements.
PUFAs perform several important biological functions. They are key components of cell membranes and contribute to maintaining membrane flexibility and integrity. In addition, they play a role in regulating inflammation and supporting immune responses. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are particularly important for brain development and cognitive function. They are also associated with cardiovascular health and normal vision.
Because of these functions, PUFAs are widely recognised as essential components of balanced diets for both humans and animals.